AISI 1023 Carbon Steel (UNS G10230)
Steels containing carbon as the main alloying element are called carbon steels. They can have up to 0.4% silicon and 1.2% manganese. Elements such as chromium, nickel, aluminium, copper and molybdenum are also present in small quantities.
AISI 1023 Carbon Steel (UNS G10230)
Introduction
Steels containing carbon as the main alloying element are called carbon steels. They can have up to 0.4% silicon and 1.2% manganese. Elements such as chromium, nickel, aluminium, copper and molybdenum are also present in small quantities.
The following sections will discuss in detail about AISI 1023 carbon steel.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of AISI 1023 carbon steel is outlined in the following table.
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Iron, Fe | 99.06-99.51 |
| Manganese. Mn | 0.30-0.60 |
| Carbon, C | 0.19-0.25 |
| Sulfur, S | ≤ 0.050 |
| Phosphorous, P | ≤ 0.040 |
Physical Properties
The physical properties of AISI 1023 carbon steel are tabulated below.
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.858 g/cm3 | 0.2839 lb/in³ |
Mechanical Properties
The following table shows mechanical properties of old drawn AISI 1023 carbon steel.
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 425 MPa | 61600 psi |
| Yield strength | 360 MPa | 52200 psi |
| Shear modulus | 80.0 GPa | 11600 ksi |
| Bulk modulus | 140 GPa | 20300 ksi |
| Elastic modulus | 190-210 GPa | 27557-30458 ksi |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 0.27-0.30 |
| Elongation at break | 15% | 15% |
| Reduction of area | 40% | 40% |
| Hardness Brinell | 121 | 121 |
| Hardness, Knoop | 140 | 140 |
| Hardness, Rockwell B | 68 | 68 |
| Hardness, Vickers | 126 | 126 |
| Machinability | 65 | 65 |
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of AISI 1023 carbon steel are given in the following table.
| Thermal Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 51.9 W/mK | 360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
Other Designations
Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 1023 carbon steel include:
- ASTM A29
- ASTM A510
- ASTM A575
- ASTM A576
- ASTM A659
- SAE J403
- SAE J412
- SAE J414
APPLICATIONS
AISI 1023 Steel is used for forged motor shafts, hydraulic shafts and pump shafts, as well as for machinery parts.
FORGING
AISI 1023 Steel is forged from around 2250ºF down to a temperature in the region of 1650ºF (1230ºC down to 900ºC.). The actual forging and finishing temperatures will depend on a number of factors, including overall reduction during forging and complexity of part being forged.
HEAT TREATMENT
At this carbon level, annealing after forging may not be necessary, and depending upon the hardness after forging and the complexity of the part being forged, machining may be carried out on the as-forged parts. If parts are of complex shape and hence there are structural variations throughout the part, then normalizing is in order.
Normalizing may be carried out prior to case hardening, at 1650-1700ºF (900-925ºC,) or in the event of variations in microstructure resulting from forging of a complex shape.
Other heat treatment for these steels will involve carburizing or other surface hardening treatments, followed by hardening from a temperature in the region of 1400-1450ºF (760 -790ºC.) Large parts of simple shape will be water quenched, all others oil quenched.
TEMPERING
A tempering treatment at 340-410ºF (170-210ºC,) which more or less amounts to a stress relief, may be carried out following hardening. Any further tempering temperatures, to achieve required properties, will be based upon experience.
MACHINABILITY
Good machinability is obtained on AISI 1023 Steel in the as-forged or normalized conditions. The need for a normalizing treatment, as mentioned above, will be determined by a number of factors, including as-forged hardness and complexity of part.
WELDABILITY
Welding of AISI 1023 Steel may be carried out by all normal fusion methods, preferably using low-carbon electrodes.
